Unit I MCQ with Answer

Unit 1: Ecosystem

1. An ecosystem consists of:
A) Only plants
B) Only animals
C) Living and non-living components
D) Only microorganisms
Answer: C

2. The non-living components of an ecosystem are called:
A) Biotic factors
B) Abiotic factors
C) Producers
D) Consumers
Answer: B

3. Plants in an ecosystem are known as:
A) Consumers
B) Producers
C) Decomposers
D) Parasites
Answer: B

4. Animals that depend on plants for food are called:
A) Carnivores
B) Omnivores
C) Herbivores
D) Parasites
Answer: C

5. Organisms that break down dead matter are called:
A) Producers
B) Consumers
C) Decomposers
D) Herbivores
Answer: C

6. Which of the following is a natural ecosystem?
A) Aquarium
B) Crop field
C) Forest
D) Garden
Answer: C

7. Which ecosystem is found in water?
A) Desert ecosystem
B) Forest ecosystem
C) Aquatic ecosystem
D) Grassland ecosystem
Answer: C

8. The movement of carbon through living and non-living components is called:
A) Nitrogen cycle
B) Carbon cycle
C) Oxygen cycle
D) Water cycle
Answer: B

9. Nitrogen fixation is mainly carried out by:
A) Plants
B) Animals
C) Bacteria
D) Fungi
Answer: C

10. The phosphorus cycle mainly occurs in:
A) Atmosphere
B) Soil and rocks
C) Ocean only
D) Air
Answer: B

11. Ecosystem conservation means:
A) Destroying forests
B) Protecting natural resources
C) Increasing pollution
D) Overuse of resources
Answer: B

12. Carrying capacity of Earth refers to:
A) Population Earth can support
B) Weight of Earth
C) Number of animals
D) Water availability
Answer: A

13. Large natural ecological areas with specific climate and vegetation are called:
A) Ecosystems
B) Biomes
C) Biosphere
D) Habitats
Answer: B

14. Which of the following is a biome in India?
A) Desert
B) Tundra
C) Arctic
D) Antarctic
Answer: A

15. ESA stands for:
A) Environmental Sensitive Area
B) Ecologically Sensitive Area
C) Environmental Safety Act
D) Ecology Safety Area
Answer: B

16. Biodiversity refers to:
A) Variety of life forms
B) Only plants
C) Only animals
D) Only microorganisms
Answer: A

17. Which organization maintains the Red List of threatened species?
A) WHO
B) UNEP
C) IUCN
D) WWF
Answer: C

18. The ecological footprint measures:
A) Water usage
B) Human demand on natural resources
C) Carbon dioxide only
D) Soil fertility
Answer: B

19. Virtual water refers to:
A) Drinking water
B) Water used in production of goods
C) Rainwater
D) Underground water
Answer: B

20. Global ecological overshoot occurs when:
A) Earth resources are sufficient
B) Resource use exceeds Earth’s capacity
C) Population decreases
D) Pollution stops
Answer: B

21. Which ecosystem has very low rainfall?
A) Forest
B) Desert
C) Grassland
D) Wetland
Answer: B

22. Food chain begins with:
A) Consumers
B) Decomposers
C) Producers
D) Carnivores
Answer: C

23. The largest ecosystem on Earth is:
A) Forest
B) Ocean
C) Desert
D) Grassland
Answer: B

24. Primary consumers are:
A) Herbivores
B) Carnivores
C) Decomposers
D) Omnivores
Answer: A

25. Loss of biodiversity can cause:
A) Ecosystem imbalance
B) Ecosystem stability
C) More resources
D) No effect

Answer: A


Important  

  • The basic functional unit of nature where living and non-living components interact is called:
    A) Biosphere
    B) Population
    C) Ecosystem
    D) Habitat
    Answer: C

  • Which of the following is a biotic component of an ecosystem?
    A) Water
    B) Plants
    C) Air
    D) Soil
    Answer: B

  • Which ecosystem is characterized by very low rainfall?
    A) Forest ecosystem
    B) Desert ecosystem
    C) Grassland ecosystem
    D) Marine ecosystem
    Answer: B

  • The process of circulation of carbon in nature is called:
    A) Nitrogen cycle
    B) Carbon cycle
    C) Oxygen cycle
    D) Water cycle
    Answer: B

  • Which gas is mainly involved in the Nitrogen Cycle?
    A) CO₂
    B) N₂
    C) O₂
    D) CH₄
    Answer: B

  • The maximum population size that an environment can sustain is called:
    A) Biome
    B) Carrying capacity
    C) Habitat
    D) Niche
    Answer: B

  • Biodiversity mainly refers to:
    A) Variety of plants only
    B) Variety of animals only
    C) Variety of living organisms
    D) Variety of ecosystems only
    Answer: C

  • The organization that maintains the Red List of threatened species is:
    A) WHO
    B) UNESCO
    C) IUCN
    D) UNEP
    Answer: C

  • Ecological footprint represents:
    A) Population density
    B) Human demand on natural resources
    C) Soil erosion rate
    D) Rainfall pattern
    Answer: B

  • Virtual water refers to:
    A) Water stored underground
    B) Water used in production of goods
    C) Drinking water supply
    D) Ocean water
    Answer: B


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