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Unit- 5 Environmental Legislation and Sustainable Practices

1. Environmental Policies in India Definition Environmental policies are guidelines and strategies formulated by the government to protect the environment and ensure sustainable development . India has developed strong environmental policies to balance economic growth and environmental protection . These policies aim to reduce pollution, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable practices. Key Features Pollution control measures Conservation of forests and biodiversity Promotion of renewable energy Public awareness and participation Examples National Environment Policy (2006) National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) Ban on single-use plastics in many states Promotion of solar energy in cities like Surat Swachh Bharat Mission improving waste management 2. Environmental Acts in India 2.1 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Definition A law enacted to prevent, control, and reduce air pollution . It establishes Pollution Cont...
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Unit - 4 Climate Change

  1. Climate Change Definition Climate change refers to the long-term change in Earth’s temperature, rainfall, wind patterns, and overall climate system over decades or centuries . Climate change includes not only global warming but also changes in weather extremes, seasonal patterns, and ecological balance. Earlier, climate change occurred naturally over thousands of years, but today it is happening rapidly due to human activities. Examples Increase in global average temperature Irregular monsoon patterns More frequent heatwaves and floods In Gujarat , summers are becoming hotter every year, with temperatures crossing 45°C more frequently. In Himachal Pradesh , snowfall patterns are changing, affecting tourism and agriculture. Globally, countries like Maldives face rising sea levels threatening their existence. 2. Global Warming Definition Global warming is the gradual rise in Earth’s average surface temperature due to increased greenhouse gases . It is mai...
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Unit - 3 Renewable Sources of Energy

  1. Introduction to Renewable Sources of Energy Definition Renewable sources of energy are those energy resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale and are not depleted when used. Renewable energy plays a vital role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These conventional energy sources are limited and contribute significantly to environmental pollution and climate change. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, ocean, and hydrogen energy. These sources are eco-friendly, sustainable, and widely available. Key Features Environmentally friendly Sustainable and inexhaustible Reduce greenhouse gas emissions Promote energy security 2. Need of Renewable Energy and Energy Policy Definition (Need of Renewable Energy) The need for renewable energy arises due to the depletion of conventional energy resources and the environmental impact caused by their use. The rapid growth in population and industrializ...
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Unit II MCQ with Answer

  Unit 2: Pollution and Its Types 1. Electrostatic precipitator is used for: A) Water purification B) Air pollution control C) Soil treatment D) Noise control Answer: B 2. Water pollution is caused by: A) Industrial waste B) Sewage C) Agricultural chemicals D) All of the above Answer: D 3. BOD stands for: A) Biological Oxygen Demand B) Basic Oxygen Demand C) Bacterial Oxygen Demand D) Balanced Oxygen Demand Answer: A 4. High BOD indicates: A) Clean water B) Polluted water C) Neutral water D) Drinking water Answer: B 5. COD stands for: A) Chemical Oxygen Demand B) Carbon Oxygen Demand C) Chemical Oxide Demand D) Clean Oxygen Demand Answer: A 6. Normal pH of drinking water is around: A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 10 Answer: C 7. Turbidity in water means: A) Cloudiness of water B) Color of water C) Temperature of water D) Smell of water Answer: A 8. Primary wastewater treatment mainly removes: A) Dissolved impurities B) Suspended solids ...
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Unit I MCQ with Answer

Unit 1: Ecosystem 1. An ecosystem consists of: A) Only plants B) Only animals C) Living and non-living components D) Only microorganisms Answer: C 2. The non-living components of an ecosystem are called: A) Biotic factors B) Abiotic factors C) Producers D) Consumers Answer: B 3. Plants in an ecosystem are known as: A) Consumers B) Producers C) Decomposers D) Parasites Answer: B 4. Animals that depend on plants for food are called: A) Carnivores B) Omnivores C) Herbivores D) Parasites Answer: C 5. Organisms that break down dead matter are called: A) Producers B) Consumers C) Decomposers D) Herbivores Answer: C 6. Which of the following is a natural ecosystem? A) Aquarium B) Crop field C) Forest D) Garden Answer: C 7. Which ecosystem is found in water? A) Desert ecosystem B) Forest ecosystem C) Aquatic ecosystem D) Grassland ecosystem Answer: C 8. The movement of carbon through living and non-living components is called: A) Nitro...
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