Unit - I Ecosystem (ES)
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms) interacting with the non-living environment (air, water, soil, sunlight) in a particular area. Example Forest ecosystem : Trees, animals, insects, soil, water, air Pond ecosystem : Fish, algae, insects, water, sunlight 2. Structure and Components of Ecosystem Structure of Ecosystem The ecosystem is made up of two main components : (A) Biotic Components (Living) Producers Green plants that make food using sunlight Example: Grass, trees, algae Consumers Animals that depend on plants or other animals for food Types: Primary consumers: Deer, cow Secondary consumers: Lion, tiger Tertiary consumers: Top predators Decomposers Break down dead plants and animals into nutrients Example: Bacteria, fungi (B) Abiotic Components (Non-Living) Air, water, soil Sunlight Temperature Minerals Simple Example In a garden ecosystem : Plants → Pr...